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(HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 , and is considered severe if the pressure is above 180/120.High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms. Over time, if untreated, it can cause health conditions, such as heart disease and stroke.
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Diabetes is a chronic condition characterised by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia). Diabetes occurs when the pancreas loses its ability to produce enough insulin (a type of hormone), or when the body does not respond to insulin action. When blood glucose (sugar) levels increase, after we eat, the pancreas secretes insulin to help body cells convert glucose into energy, or to store it.
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In the past, doctors made a large cut (incision) in the belly to remove the gallbladder. This is called open surgery. Today, doctors can do this surgery with tiny instruments and just a few small cuts. This is called laparoscopic surgery, because the main instrument is called a laparoscope .Minimally invasive surgery is a general term for surgery with these small instruments.
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CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) is a condition of kidneys being damaged from many potential causes, resulting in gradual and permanent loss of Kidney function over time.
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